1 00:00:18,376 --> 00:00:20,537 THE GLEANERS AND I 2 00:00:23,147 --> 00:00:25,138 G as in gleaning - 3 00:00:25,683 --> 00:00:28,413 To glean is to gather after the harvest. 4 00:00:28,853 --> 00:00:32,254 A gleaner is one who gleans. 5 00:00:33,391 --> 00:00:35,552 In times past only women gleaned. 6 00:00:35,726 --> 00:00:39,184 Millet's Glaneuses were in all dictionaries. 7 00:00:41,699 --> 00:00:44,224 The original painting is at the Orsay. 8 00:01:02,453 --> 00:01:05,422 Gleaning, that's the old way. 9 00:01:05,756 --> 00:01:09,852 My mother'd say, '' Pick everything up so nothing gets wasted''. 10 00:01:12,396 --> 00:01:14,159 But sadly we no longer do 11 00:01:14,332 --> 00:01:17,233 because machines are so efficient nowadays. 12 00:01:17,401 --> 00:01:20,370 But before, I used to glean 13 00:01:20,538 --> 00:01:22,529 together with my neighbors, 14 00:01:22,707 --> 00:01:25,403 for wheat, and rice too. 15 00:01:26,577 --> 00:01:30,536 I would put my big apron on 16 00:01:32,216 --> 00:01:35,242 and we'd go gleaning ears of wheat, 17 00:01:35,419 --> 00:01:37,319 lovely ears we would find. 18 00:01:40,892 --> 00:01:44,851 A whole day in the sun, with gnats and mosquitoes biting, 19 00:01:45,196 --> 00:01:46,424 it wasn't too nice, 20 00:01:46,664 --> 00:01:48,188 but we liked it. 21 00:01:49,333 --> 00:01:53,667 Evenings, we were exhausted. Once home with our bags and our aprons 22 00:01:54,772 --> 00:01:59,539 we'd have a good time laughing and drinking coffee together. 23 00:02:00,144 --> 00:02:03,636 I was born in that farmhouse, and I'll die there too. 24 00:02:03,848 --> 00:02:06,544 - But not quite yet! - OK, thank you very much. 25 00:02:06,717 --> 00:02:08,617 Thanks very much, all of you. 26 00:02:08,786 --> 00:02:11,721 I'm mixed up, you've confused me now. 27 00:02:13,457 --> 00:02:15,823 Yes, I've always gleaned. 28 00:02:16,260 --> 00:02:20,390 I remember, with my grandmother and my brothers and sisters. 29 00:02:20,831 --> 00:02:25,393 Before, during the war, they had to glean, they were starving. 30 00:02:25,570 --> 00:02:28,505 They pounded the grain to make flour, 31 00:02:28,839 --> 00:02:30,272 for bread. 32 00:02:30,841 --> 00:02:34,675 We no longer pick these days, we no longer glean to eat. 33 00:02:34,845 --> 00:02:38,076 There are still a few gleaners of corn around. 34 00:02:42,620 --> 00:02:44,349 Gleaning might be extinct 35 00:02:44,555 --> 00:02:48,252 but stooping has not vanished from our sated society 36 00:02:48,659 --> 00:02:51,719 Urban and rural gleaners all stoop to pick up 37 00:02:52,263 --> 00:02:54,322 There's no shame,just worries 38 00:02:54,565 --> 00:02:56,897 Yeah, food, grub 39 00:02:57,468 --> 00:03:00,266 It's bad, sad, man 40 00:03:00,838 --> 00:03:02,806 To bend down is not to beg 41 00:03:03,174 --> 00:03:06,075 But when I see them sway My heart hurts! 42 00:03:06,277 --> 00:03:08,745 Eating that scrap-crap 43 00:03:09,113 --> 00:03:11,411 They've got to live on shit-bits 44 00:03:11,582 --> 00:03:14,176 They've got to frisk for tidbits 45 00:03:14,552 --> 00:03:16,782 Left on the street, leftovers 46 00:03:17,154 --> 00:03:19,384 Rough stuff with no owners 47 00:03:19,590 --> 00:03:22,115 Picking up trash like the streetsweeper 48 00:03:22,460 --> 00:03:24,690 Zero for us, for them much better 49 00:03:24,895 --> 00:03:27,830 They got to roam around to kill the hunger 50 00:03:28,399 --> 00:03:32,529 It's always been the same pain will always be the same game. 51 00:03:37,642 --> 00:03:40,702 In the towns today as in the fields yesterday 52 00:03:40,878 --> 00:03:44,405 gleaners still humbly stoop to glean. 53 00:03:44,849 --> 00:03:47,511 But men have now joined with women 54 00:03:48,285 --> 00:03:49,445 in gleaning. 55 00:03:50,588 --> 00:03:54,354 What strikes me is that each gleans on his own. 56 00:03:54,925 --> 00:03:56,688 Whereas in paintings 57 00:03:57,395 --> 00:04:01,058 they were always in clusters, rarely alone. 58 00:04:01,465 --> 00:04:03,695 But there's a famous one 59 00:04:03,868 --> 00:04:07,395 painted byJules Breton at the museum in Arras. 60 00:04:09,106 --> 00:04:11,074 We took the road north. 61 00:04:11,308 --> 00:04:14,766 Lots of big trucks, but I'll come back to that, 62 00:04:15,413 --> 00:04:17,745 and we arrived in the town of Arras, 63 00:04:18,082 --> 00:04:19,481 we saw its square, 64 00:04:19,750 --> 00:04:21,115 we saw its museum, 65 00:04:21,419 --> 00:04:23,512 and Breton's Woman Gleaning. 66 00:04:24,655 --> 00:04:28,557 There is another woman gleaning in this film, that's me. 67 00:04:35,633 --> 00:04:39,569 I'm happy to drop the ears of wheat and pick up my camera. 68 00:04:40,571 --> 00:04:42,232 These new small cameras, 69 00:04:42,506 --> 00:04:44,565 they are digital, fantastic. 70 00:04:44,742 --> 00:04:46,710 Their effects are stroboscopic 71 00:04:47,311 --> 00:04:48,437 narcissistic, 72 00:04:48,913 --> 00:04:50,710 and even hyper-realistic. 73 00:05:34,625 --> 00:05:36,752 No, it's not O rage, 74 00:05:37,094 --> 00:05:38,789 no, it's not O despair, 75 00:05:39,130 --> 00:05:41,360 it's not Old age, my enemy, 76 00:05:41,532 --> 00:05:45,798 it might even be Old age, my friend but still, my hair 77 00:05:46,170 --> 00:05:49,401 and my hands keep telling me that the end is near. 78 00:05:52,877 --> 00:05:55,846 OK, right now, we are driving towards Beauce, 79 00:05:56,180 --> 00:05:59,172 renowned for its wheat. The harvest being over 80 00:05:59,717 --> 00:06:02,311 we'll focus on potato gleaning instead. 81 00:06:03,220 --> 00:06:06,155 Destalking the fields makes furrows 82 00:06:06,390 --> 00:06:09,484 and ridges ready for the grubbing machine. 83 00:06:12,496 --> 00:06:15,260 Once the grubbing is over, 84 00:06:15,566 --> 00:06:17,397 we can glean the whole field. 85 00:06:18,736 --> 00:06:21,204 - Hello. - Hello Mrs. Buard. 86 00:06:22,306 --> 00:06:26,106 Since this morning, I've collected a full 250 lbs alone. 87 00:06:26,510 --> 00:06:30,276 And these are good ones you eat with herring. 88 00:06:30,447 --> 00:06:32,813 Lots of restaurants buy them. 89 00:06:34,819 --> 00:06:39,119 Some people are quite pleased when the machine malfunctions. 90 00:06:40,524 --> 00:06:42,651 There are lots left here. 91 00:06:42,827 --> 00:06:45,796 The tractor ploughs too deep and gets stuck. 92 00:06:46,130 --> 00:06:51,124 They free it by lifting the machine and they miss potatoes there. 93 00:06:51,302 --> 00:06:53,202 So gleaners have a field day? 94 00:06:53,370 --> 00:06:54,860 Oh yes definitely. 95 00:06:56,440 --> 00:06:58,374 The owners don't give a damn 96 00:06:58,542 --> 00:07:00,703 so long as there's nothing left. 97 00:07:01,045 --> 00:07:02,569 They won't have to treat. 98 00:07:02,746 --> 00:07:04,145 You still must sort them. 99 00:07:12,790 --> 00:07:15,657 In supermarkets, the firm ones are sold 100 00:07:15,860 --> 00:07:19,352 in containers of 5 1 /2 to 1 1 pounds, 101 00:07:19,530 --> 00:07:22,795 and these have to be of a specific caliber, 102 00:07:23,133 --> 00:07:25,158 of a specific size. 103 00:07:25,569 --> 00:07:28,402 So we dump anything bigger. 104 00:07:29,440 --> 00:07:34,275 The potato harvest averages 4,500 tons per season. 105 00:07:34,778 --> 00:07:37,611 But 25 tons are rejected 106 00:07:38,249 --> 00:07:40,547 and dumped. 107 00:07:58,202 --> 00:08:01,194 We reject all the outsized, green ones, and stones, 108 00:08:01,372 --> 00:08:04,068 the cut or damaged ones. 109 00:08:04,308 --> 00:08:06,276 Because they're unsellable. 110 00:08:06,443 --> 00:08:10,004 To the trade, we sell potatoes 111 00:08:10,180 --> 00:08:13,240 within a range of 2 to 4 inches 112 00:08:13,417 --> 00:08:17,251 and anything bigger is automatically thrown away. 113 00:08:17,521 --> 00:08:20,456 Potatoes remain a staple foodstuff for many 114 00:08:20,624 --> 00:08:24,651 and because large quantities of potatoes are dumped, 115 00:08:24,828 --> 00:08:27,558 the practice of gleaning has reappeared. 116 00:08:27,798 --> 00:08:30,562 In general people wait nearby 117 00:08:30,734 --> 00:08:32,395 and follow the trailers. 118 00:08:34,505 --> 00:08:37,531 We followed the trailers but didn't see anyone 119 00:08:38,309 --> 00:08:40,368 except a man who might have known, 120 00:08:40,544 --> 00:08:44,344 not through a newspaper though for they never announce 121 00:08:44,548 --> 00:08:47,244 dumping here tomorrow, there next week. 122 00:08:47,718 --> 00:08:50,118 Potatoes left in the open like that 123 00:08:50,554 --> 00:08:53,751 soon become green and dangerous to eat. 124 00:08:55,259 --> 00:08:58,057 Sometimes the children give the signal. 125 00:08:58,395 --> 00:09:00,192 Hey, we found a big one here! 126 00:09:06,570 --> 00:09:07,434 C'mon, catch it! 127 00:09:07,604 --> 00:09:09,595 Monday, potatoes 128 00:09:09,807 --> 00:09:11,434 Tuesday, potatoes 129 00:09:11,608 --> 00:09:14,338 Wednesday, potatoes again 130 00:09:15,212 --> 00:09:17,112 Thursday, potatoes 131 00:09:17,281 --> 00:09:19,249 Friday, potatoes 132 00:09:19,416 --> 00:09:21,816 Saturday, potatoes again 133 00:09:22,453 --> 00:09:25,479 Sunday, potatoes au gratin 134 00:09:28,158 --> 00:09:30,524 Look, I've picked up more or less 135 00:09:31,128 --> 00:09:33,028 200 or 300 pounds. 136 00:09:34,631 --> 00:09:38,260 You find very large ones in the leftovers. 137 00:09:38,435 --> 00:09:40,562 The damaged ones we leave. 138 00:09:40,738 --> 00:09:44,538 Some are too small, we take the large ones rather. 139 00:09:45,876 --> 00:09:47,036 See, 140 00:09:48,245 --> 00:09:49,143 misshapen ones, 141 00:09:49,480 --> 00:09:50,469 heart-shaped ones. 142 00:09:50,647 --> 00:09:53,138 The heart, I want the heart! 143 00:09:53,684 --> 00:09:54,673 I was glad. 144 00:09:55,319 --> 00:09:57,651 I immediately filmed them up close, 145 00:09:59,423 --> 00:10:02,256 and set about filming perilously with one hand 146 00:10:02,426 --> 00:10:05,259 my other hand gleaning heart-shaped potatoes. 147 00:10:15,839 --> 00:10:17,773 Then I took a few home with me. 148 00:10:20,110 --> 00:10:23,204 I looked at them again, filmed them again. 149 00:10:31,422 --> 00:10:34,619 Then it dawned upon me: the Good Heart Charity Meals. 150 00:10:35,459 --> 00:10:37,859 Why not organize an expedition 151 00:10:38,195 --> 00:10:39,560 on the day the potatoes 152 00:10:39,763 --> 00:10:41,526 are to be dumped? 153 00:10:42,733 --> 00:10:47,261 When I think of all the food gone bad that's enough to make me mad 154 00:10:47,638 --> 00:10:51,165 If you've been kicked out and you're down and out 155 00:10:51,375 --> 00:10:53,673 Then you need food for nought 156 00:10:53,877 --> 00:10:56,402 I take a few for me and my kids, 157 00:10:59,550 --> 00:11:01,848 and we collect together. 158 00:11:03,487 --> 00:11:07,184 I've joined the Charity Meals because I was unemployed. 159 00:11:07,357 --> 00:11:10,622 I still am but I expect to start on a trial job soon 160 00:11:10,794 --> 00:11:14,821 and meanwhile, I'd rather help people than do nothing, 161 00:11:15,165 --> 00:11:17,224 help people in dire straits. 162 00:11:17,501 --> 00:11:19,662 I'm a single mother. 163 00:11:20,437 --> 00:11:23,873 I get food from the Red Cross and the Charity Meals. 164 00:11:25,642 --> 00:11:28,167 When I see all this go to waste 165 00:11:28,345 --> 00:11:31,314 and that some people have nothing to eat, 166 00:11:31,482 --> 00:11:33,245 it's really disgraceful. 167 00:11:35,786 --> 00:11:38,721 On that day they collected almost 7 00 lbs. 168 00:11:38,889 --> 00:11:41,357 At least that's something. 169 00:11:50,567 --> 00:11:53,195 A little later, almost on the same spot, 170 00:11:53,370 --> 00:11:55,395 we saw a man approaching. 171 00:11:57,708 --> 00:12:00,734 I went over to him and asked him 172 00:12:01,078 --> 00:12:03,410 how much he thought there was. 173 00:12:05,782 --> 00:12:09,775 Almost a ton if you add all the mounds together, 174 00:12:10,521 --> 00:12:12,785 a ton of potatoes wasted. 175 00:12:13,557 --> 00:12:16,424 Same thing with cauliflowers, 176 00:12:16,627 --> 00:12:19,289 fruit and vegetables in other regions, 177 00:12:19,463 --> 00:12:22,864 but here it's potato country, and we take what we find. 178 00:12:23,901 --> 00:12:27,769 We're better off working in the fields than shoplifting. 179 00:12:28,839 --> 00:12:31,865 It's the same for all of us, I'm not alone. 180 00:12:32,709 --> 00:12:34,574 We get by as best we can. 181 00:12:35,312 --> 00:12:37,576 We do potatoes, we look in trash cans, 182 00:12:38,782 --> 00:12:40,841 that keeps me going for now. 183 00:12:41,485 --> 00:12:43,350 It's a hard life, that's all. 184 00:12:43,520 --> 00:12:45,886 The year 2K is upon us, great, heh? 185 00:12:51,528 --> 00:12:53,758 OK, I'm on my way with my 7 0 lbs, 186 00:12:54,498 --> 00:12:58,434 and there are several tons left, which could be picked, 187 00:12:58,602 --> 00:13:02,333 but people don't know where to come to. There you are. 188 00:13:17,187 --> 00:13:19,587 They are hoboes in caravans. 189 00:13:19,756 --> 00:13:23,783 We are gypsies, we travel around. They're different from us. 190 00:13:26,496 --> 00:13:30,091 It needs to be cut up for the scrap merchant to come. 191 00:13:30,434 --> 00:13:34,734 We don't have the necessary tools. No electricity,just candles. 192 00:13:34,905 --> 00:13:36,736 What do you do for water? 193 00:13:36,907 --> 00:13:38,169 What? 194 00:13:38,342 --> 00:13:41,675 Water? That's all we have. It's over there. 195 00:13:42,679 --> 00:13:45,273 That's our tap. 196 00:13:47,184 --> 00:13:49,516 - What if it freezes? - If it freezes... 197 00:13:50,254 --> 00:13:53,155 we pad around the pipe, or we let it drip 198 00:13:53,624 --> 00:13:56,684 to stop it freezing when it gets really cold, 199 00:13:56,860 --> 00:14:01,388 like last year, when it got to -7 0F on the ground. 200 00:14:02,332 --> 00:14:03,424 You get used to it. 201 00:14:14,344 --> 00:14:15,709 You seem to like beer? 202 00:14:15,879 --> 00:14:18,211 I'd drink anything. 203 00:14:18,382 --> 00:14:20,316 How many beers is that? 204 00:14:20,484 --> 00:14:22,315 I drink a pack a day. 205 00:14:22,486 --> 00:14:25,182 - What? - Yeah, a pack of 2 4 a day. 206 00:14:25,389 --> 00:14:26,822 2 4 or even 3 2. 207 00:14:29,793 --> 00:14:31,784 Tell me what happened to you. 208 00:14:32,129 --> 00:14:34,324 Did you have a house before? 209 00:14:34,498 --> 00:14:36,728 Yeah, I had a job. 210 00:14:37,334 --> 00:14:39,598 I worked impossible hours, 211 00:14:39,770 --> 00:14:41,670 21 or 22 hours a day. 212 00:14:41,838 --> 00:14:43,328 - Truck driving? - Yeah. 213 00:14:43,507 --> 00:14:44,804 - A trucker? - Yes. 214 00:14:45,142 --> 00:14:47,736 I drove long vehicles. 215 00:14:48,478 --> 00:14:52,414 Then one day the police breathalyzed me and then... 216 00:14:52,716 --> 00:14:55,844 that's how I lost my job. 217 00:14:56,753 --> 00:15:01,349 Then my wife left me, she took my three kids with her, 218 00:15:02,092 --> 00:15:04,583 and I was in free-fall after that. 219 00:15:04,761 --> 00:15:06,194 Divorce, everything? 220 00:15:06,363 --> 00:15:10,163 Yes, and I haven't seen my kids for almost 2 years. 221 00:15:10,467 --> 00:15:12,560 They're 500 miles away from me. 222 00:15:12,736 --> 00:15:14,499 I can't go and see them. 223 00:15:14,671 --> 00:15:16,730 I don't have a car or a license. 224 00:15:17,774 --> 00:15:19,799 - It's terrible. - Yes it is. 225 00:15:20,143 --> 00:15:22,634 I think of them every single day. 226 00:15:25,649 --> 00:15:29,244 - Here's Guilene. - She'll tell you everything. 227 00:15:29,686 --> 00:15:33,349 Did you know that once they're through picking potatoes, 228 00:15:33,523 --> 00:15:36,287 you're allowed to take leftovers? - No. 229 00:15:36,660 --> 00:15:38,525 You didn't know? 230 00:15:38,695 --> 00:15:41,163 - It's not allowed. - Yes it is! 231 00:15:41,365 --> 00:15:44,232 I have something very important to say: 232 00:15:44,401 --> 00:15:48,269 Why has the Mayor put us here, I've been here four years, 233 00:15:48,472 --> 00:15:50,497 and now he wants us to go. 234 00:15:50,774 --> 00:15:53,402 He says he was fed up with us gypsies, 235 00:15:53,577 --> 00:15:56,341 but I want to stay here. 236 00:15:57,247 --> 00:15:59,772 I had an apartment but it cost too much. 237 00:16:00,317 --> 00:16:02,785 Her first trailer cost her $3 50 238 00:16:03,320 --> 00:16:04,719 and the latest one, 239 00:16:05,055 --> 00:16:08,422 where I am housed at the moment, $3 5. 240 00:16:09,659 --> 00:16:10,648 We met 241 00:16:10,861 --> 00:16:14,558 when I was working in a cafe as a cleaning woman, 242 00:16:14,731 --> 00:16:16,528 that's how we met. 243 00:16:17,634 --> 00:16:22,435 So long as there's welfare money left, OK, but after... 244 00:16:23,440 --> 00:16:25,670 we have to get by somehow. 245 00:16:25,842 --> 00:16:28,504 Then we have to beg 246 00:16:29,146 --> 00:16:30,841 and forage through the trash. 247 00:16:31,481 --> 00:16:34,678 We find food in the garbage. 248 00:16:34,851 --> 00:16:35,818 Good food? 249 00:16:36,153 --> 00:16:40,522 We're badly off. We do find good food. Which could still be 250 00:16:41,224 --> 00:16:45,160 sold in shops. But they have to change their shelves. 251 00:16:45,395 --> 00:16:48,796 We take advantage of that, it's a lucky draw. 252 00:16:49,132 --> 00:16:52,533 But we have to comb all the garbage cans everywhere 253 00:16:52,736 --> 00:16:54,294 to recover stuff. 254 00:16:54,704 --> 00:16:55,830 See for yourself. 255 00:17:01,745 --> 00:17:03,110 For the soup! 256 00:17:06,783 --> 00:17:08,751 My bunch of flowers! 257 00:17:09,152 --> 00:17:12,246 - Another cucumber. - Sure, there's plenty. 258 00:17:13,190 --> 00:17:15,317 That comes from the trash. 259 00:17:15,725 --> 00:17:19,320 The expiry date is 1 1 -29, two days ago. 260 00:17:19,496 --> 00:17:21,225 - One day ago. - Right. 261 00:17:21,398 --> 00:17:25,801 That's still valid for seven or eight days, a week or so. 262 00:17:26,470 --> 00:17:29,337 I've got fish which I found there. 263 00:17:29,639 --> 00:17:32,039 It's good until 1 2-2 4. 264 00:17:32,209 --> 00:17:33,699 We found it in the trash. 265 00:17:34,711 --> 00:17:38,442 We're not afraid to get our hands dirty. You can wash hands. 266 00:17:43,487 --> 00:17:46,149 Hey, guys, the new appetizer 267 00:17:46,556 --> 00:17:49,491 is lamb kidney in a chicory root sauce 268 00:17:50,260 --> 00:17:52,728 with a potato fritter 269 00:17:54,097 --> 00:17:56,122 and an aniseed and nut soup 270 00:17:56,299 --> 00:17:58,699 and mushroom mousse with truffle oil. 271 00:18:02,672 --> 00:18:04,663 As I watched all this cooking, 272 00:18:04,841 --> 00:18:08,504 I asked the chef if there were lots of leftovers, and 273 00:18:08,678 --> 00:18:10,202 what he did with them. 274 00:18:10,514 --> 00:18:12,106 Nothing should be wasted. 275 00:18:12,282 --> 00:18:15,547 With the leftover lentils, we make a lentil soup, 276 00:18:15,719 --> 00:18:18,051 we mince the greenery into a gratin, 277 00:18:18,221 --> 00:18:20,246 the meat bones we use for stock 278 00:18:20,423 --> 00:18:23,256 the fish bones for sauce. 279 00:18:24,060 --> 00:18:25,755 We don't throw anything away. 280 00:18:26,496 --> 00:18:29,090 You have to be economical. 281 00:18:30,066 --> 00:18:33,558 If I had to buy all the herbs I pick daily on the hills... 282 00:18:33,737 --> 00:18:36,706 A small bunch of savory like this is $1 .50 283 00:18:36,873 --> 00:18:39,467 and we use about 20 of them every day. 284 00:18:39,643 --> 00:18:42,203 We'd be spending a fortune on herbs. 285 00:18:42,379 --> 00:18:44,210 Anyway, I love picking them. 286 00:18:49,085 --> 00:18:51,747 That nice inventive and thrifty chef 287 00:18:52,088 --> 00:18:54,556 offers a gourmet menu for $1 00. 288 00:18:55,191 --> 00:18:58,092 Edouard Loubet is the youngest French chef 289 00:18:58,261 --> 00:19:00,729 to have earned 2 stars in the Michelin guide, 290 00:19:01,064 --> 00:19:03,032 now called the Red Guide. 291 00:19:03,800 --> 00:19:07,463 Surprisingly enough, Edouard is also a born gleaner, 292 00:19:07,637 --> 00:19:09,537 or rather a born picker. 293 00:19:09,706 --> 00:19:14,439 With his hat on, in his shirt sleeves, he looks like a Provencal figurine. 294 00:19:17,514 --> 00:19:19,641 Don't tread on the apples! 295 00:19:21,484 --> 00:19:23,816 We take what the farmers leave behind 296 00:19:24,187 --> 00:19:26,621 or we pick the ripe fruit on the trees. 297 00:19:26,790 --> 00:19:29,452 This is the best thing you can use 298 00:19:29,626 --> 00:19:32,561 to make good spirits or good fruit jelly. 299 00:19:34,364 --> 00:19:36,423 I never miss the chance. 300 00:19:37,367 --> 00:19:40,564 How come you, a chef, also pick? 301 00:19:41,071 --> 00:19:44,472 Firstly because my grandparents taught me to 302 00:19:44,641 --> 00:19:47,269 along fields and roads, 303 00:19:47,444 --> 00:19:51,175 and also because 304 00:19:51,348 --> 00:19:55,375 I then know what produce I get and where I get it from. 305 00:19:55,552 --> 00:19:58,453 I don't want refrigerated produce from Italy 306 00:19:58,622 --> 00:20:02,524 which is sold only when someone feels like saying it is ripe. 307 00:20:04,728 --> 00:20:06,753 As we're talking grapes and wine... 308 00:20:07,097 --> 00:20:08,189 Let's go, Isa! 309 00:20:08,365 --> 00:20:10,458 ...we might as well go to a wine area. 310 00:20:10,634 --> 00:20:12,659 We're off to Burgundy. 311 00:20:16,473 --> 00:20:19,874 On the road, there are trucks, lots of trucks, 312 00:20:20,410 --> 00:20:23,573 of the kind we loved when we were kids. 313 00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:26,371 We pass them and gaze at them. 314 00:20:26,549 --> 00:20:30,144 Here's a very big one passing us, transporting cars, 315 00:20:30,854 --> 00:20:32,549 and here's another one. 316 00:20:36,192 --> 00:20:39,218 And now we are passing him, 317 00:20:39,396 --> 00:20:41,762 we struggle a little to pass this one. 318 00:20:41,931 --> 00:20:43,660 It's like a child's game. 319 00:20:47,737 --> 00:20:49,602 We're arriving in Burgundy. 320 00:20:50,740 --> 00:20:53,208 Beaune to me is above all the Hospices 321 00:20:53,376 --> 00:20:55,503 and the painting by Van der Weyden, 322 00:20:55,745 --> 00:20:57,576 The LastJudgment. 323 00:21:00,650 --> 00:21:04,609 The Archangel Michael weighs and judges the deeds of the dead. 324 00:21:07,123 --> 00:21:10,115 The ones who are light are to be resurrected, 325 00:21:10,293 --> 00:21:13,785 and the heavy ones are to suffer in hell. 326 00:21:57,173 --> 00:22:01,337 The grape harvest is over, and yet nobody is in sight. 327 00:22:01,745 --> 00:22:02,712 Why is that? 328 00:22:03,113 --> 00:22:06,378 If you want your wine to be ranked as vintage, 329 00:22:06,549 --> 00:22:08,540 the yearly production is limited. 330 00:22:08,718 --> 00:22:11,516 That means you can only produce 331 00:22:11,688 --> 00:22:14,657 a certain quota per plot. 332 00:22:15,725 --> 00:22:19,684 Growing up, I didn't hear much about pickers. 333 00:22:19,863 --> 00:22:24,493 Wine growers have always protected themselves against them, 334 00:22:24,801 --> 00:22:27,736 for if you let people pick in your vines, 335 00:22:27,904 --> 00:22:30,668 how can you be sure they are not 336 00:22:30,907 --> 00:22:33,341 going to pick on a large scale? 337 00:22:36,246 --> 00:22:40,080 These vintage vines have been entirely harvested 338 00:22:40,250 --> 00:22:44,550 and the surplus has been deliberately left on the ground. 339 00:22:45,288 --> 00:22:47,882 They're drying out, lost for everybody. 340 00:22:48,525 --> 00:22:51,892 It's a measure to protect our profession and capital. 341 00:22:54,531 --> 00:22:55,725 What you see here, 342 00:22:56,166 --> 00:22:59,658 is called second generation grapes, verjuice, 343 00:23:00,136 --> 00:23:03,469 or conscripts, depending on the area. 344 00:23:04,874 --> 00:23:06,068 Conscripts. 345 00:23:06,476 --> 00:23:07,534 Like soldiers? 346 00:23:07,710 --> 00:23:12,579 Exactly, like conscripts. Some people pick them. 347 00:23:13,483 --> 00:23:16,475 It's a second harvest and yields a cheaper wine 348 00:23:16,653 --> 00:23:18,382 called wine of the pickings. 349 00:23:20,089 --> 00:23:22,819 - Will it taste of Pommard? - No, not at all. 350 00:23:23,860 --> 00:23:27,591 It makes a table wine, a really cheap table wine. 351 00:23:28,565 --> 00:23:32,296 The vintage wine region is not a good one for picking. 352 00:23:34,103 --> 00:23:37,504 Gleaning, or picking, is forbidden in Burgundy. 353 00:23:37,674 --> 00:23:40,108 It ended 3 or 4 years ago. 354 00:23:40,276 --> 00:23:42,471 It's sad, but that's the way it is. 355 00:23:43,379 --> 00:23:45,609 Gleaning was lovely. 356 00:23:46,616 --> 00:23:49,278 We would see the gleaner, tramping along, 357 00:23:49,452 --> 00:23:50,817 Gathering the relics 358 00:23:51,187 --> 00:23:54,486 Of that which is falling Behind the reaper... 359 00:23:54,691 --> 00:23:56,386 - Do you know? - Du Bellay? 360 00:23:56,726 --> 00:23:58,694 - Right? - It is. 361 00:23:59,162 --> 00:24:01,221 Impressive, you know it by heart! 362 00:24:02,632 --> 00:24:05,100 I took over my father's estate. 363 00:24:08,571 --> 00:24:11,233 From the grape to the bottle, 364 00:24:11,407 --> 00:24:13,398 I am the only master on board. 365 00:24:14,377 --> 00:24:16,641 I have no cellarman, no head cellarman. 366 00:24:18,748 --> 00:24:24,050 With Nadine, we choose the best blends for our Chateau bottles. 367 00:24:24,220 --> 00:24:26,586 - Do you both choose? - We both do. 368 00:24:27,824 --> 00:24:29,086 Jean Laplanche, 369 00:24:29,525 --> 00:24:30,822 a keen wine grower, 370 00:24:31,361 --> 00:24:34,296 has another calling, psychotherapy. 371 00:24:34,631 --> 00:24:39,159 I am a practicing therapist, but above all a theoretician, 372 00:24:39,335 --> 00:24:41,667 or rather a philosopher of therapy. 373 00:24:42,438 --> 00:24:43,803 What's your theory? 374 00:24:44,140 --> 00:24:48,600 What distinguishes me, is that I have tried to integrate 375 00:24:49,579 --> 00:24:51,843 into man's psyche, 376 00:24:52,348 --> 00:24:57,547 the Other above the Ego, i.e. I developed an anti-ego philosophy, 377 00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:01,156 a philosophy which shows how man first originates 378 00:25:01,324 --> 00:25:03,087 in the Other. 379 00:25:03,559 --> 00:25:05,459 He copes with his double life? 380 00:25:05,628 --> 00:25:07,687 - Rather well. - He's good, isn't he? 381 00:25:07,864 --> 00:25:11,664 - Rather well. - He's intelligent, I think. And modest. 382 00:25:12,168 --> 00:25:13,726 It keeps me going. 383 00:25:14,504 --> 00:25:16,802 - Isn't it daunting for you? - What is? 384 00:25:17,140 --> 00:25:19,836 That he is a therapist and makes wine too. 385 00:25:20,176 --> 00:25:23,236 I was analyzed so as to learn a little more. 386 00:25:23,413 --> 00:25:24,812 - By him? - No, by Lacan. 387 00:25:25,148 --> 00:25:27,275 - Ages ago. - I was very young. 388 00:25:27,450 --> 00:25:29,077 A long time ago. 389 00:25:29,319 --> 00:25:31,219 We'll be married 50 years 390 00:25:31,888 --> 00:25:33,355 in the year 2000. 391 00:25:34,624 --> 00:25:37,092 Tell me how you met. 392 00:25:38,294 --> 00:25:41,229 At a village dance, where most people meet. 393 00:25:42,165 --> 00:25:43,598 - The kiss! - Right... 394 00:25:43,766 --> 00:25:46,166 No one's interested in that! 395 00:25:49,205 --> 00:25:51,173 I must tell you something, 396 00:25:51,341 --> 00:25:54,276 something the whole world should know about. 397 00:25:54,711 --> 00:25:57,111 I met him, it was like a lightning bolt. 398 00:25:57,213 --> 00:25:58,237 You see? 399 00:25:58,414 --> 00:26:02,407 The way he was dressed, I couldn't possibly miss him. 400 00:26:03,453 --> 00:26:06,445 He had a red cap on, honest, 401 00:26:06,622 --> 00:26:09,648 he was back from the Riviera. He looked so... 402 00:26:09,826 --> 00:26:12,727 He had a red cotton cap, 403 00:26:13,062 --> 00:26:15,622 a green shirt, 404 00:26:15,798 --> 00:26:19,029 mustard yellow pants, 405 00:26:19,202 --> 00:26:21,568 rope espadrilles and... 406 00:26:21,738 --> 00:26:23,137 - Yellow ones! - Right. 407 00:26:23,306 --> 00:26:27,834 And a multicolored belt. I couldn't miss him,just couldn't. 408 00:26:30,680 --> 00:26:32,545 How was she dressed? 409 00:26:33,349 --> 00:26:36,477 That I can't remember. Yeah, it's the old story. 410 00:26:36,819 --> 00:26:40,311 But I didn't fall for her right away. 411 00:26:40,523 --> 00:26:42,388 It all came later with me. 412 00:26:42,692 --> 00:26:44,387 How mean of me! 413 00:26:47,697 --> 00:26:49,164 Is it true, Huguette? 414 00:26:49,332 --> 00:26:51,823 - I'm not in his heart. - It's true. 415 00:26:56,372 --> 00:26:58,704 This is Laurent, my son. 416 00:26:58,875 --> 00:27:01,139 A gleaner or a picker, I'm not sure. 417 00:27:01,310 --> 00:27:03,801 But I heard Glanum, not gleaning, 418 00:27:04,147 --> 00:27:07,708 that's why I talked about Saint-Remy, where Glanum is. 419 00:27:11,054 --> 00:27:12,078 Gleaning, no. 420 00:27:12,255 --> 00:27:16,089 Because gleaning is very different from picking, you see. 421 00:27:16,259 --> 00:27:17,556 But picking, yes. 422 00:27:18,061 --> 00:27:19,551 What's the difference? 423 00:27:19,729 --> 00:27:23,096 The difference is that you pick fruit that hangs, 424 00:27:23,266 --> 00:27:27,430 that is hanging, but you glean things that sprout. 425 00:27:27,603 --> 00:27:29,400 Like grain. It's different. 426 00:27:30,606 --> 00:27:32,233 Olives and grain. 427 00:27:32,809 --> 00:27:34,208 Almonds... 428 00:27:36,179 --> 00:27:39,046 Figs too, people make jams out of figs. 429 00:27:39,816 --> 00:27:41,750 The fig, you pick. 430 00:27:44,654 --> 00:27:46,713 Look, nature's wonders! 431 00:27:46,889 --> 00:27:49,119 Overripe and beautiful! 432 00:27:56,265 --> 00:27:58,199 That's fruit from heaven! 433 00:28:00,203 --> 00:28:03,570 I half-feel like interfering, 434 00:28:03,739 --> 00:28:07,573 but it is none of my business, it's their fruit. 435 00:28:10,146 --> 00:28:13,274 This one's almost pure alcohol, I'll be tipsy. 436 00:28:14,150 --> 00:28:16,710 Anyway, half the people are stingy. 437 00:28:17,854 --> 00:28:22,655 They won't allow gleaning because they don't feel like being nice. 438 00:28:25,128 --> 00:28:26,390 There's a lot left. 439 00:28:26,729 --> 00:28:28,720 The harvest is over now. 440 00:28:29,065 --> 00:28:30,293 Are these not edible? 441 00:28:30,466 --> 00:28:34,459 Edible, yes, but not good for making candied fruits. 442 00:28:34,704 --> 00:28:37,639 Do you allow people to collect them? 443 00:28:38,074 --> 00:28:42,238 No. I'm not the owner, but up to now, it's never been allowed. 444 00:28:43,746 --> 00:28:46,271 The harvest of the cabbages is over, 445 00:28:46,449 --> 00:28:48,747 only a few are left here and there. 446 00:28:49,085 --> 00:28:51,645 These cabbages can be gleaned 447 00:28:51,821 --> 00:28:54,756 with absolute impunity 448 00:28:55,091 --> 00:28:57,525 by gleaners from Avignon or around. 449 00:28:58,561 --> 00:29:00,051 Here are lovely tomatoes. 450 00:29:00,163 --> 00:29:03,064 The machine couldn't take what's too low. 451 00:29:03,766 --> 00:29:05,290 All these tomatoes, 452 00:29:05,468 --> 00:29:09,700 which are just as red as my bible, the penal code, 453 00:29:10,072 --> 00:29:12,131 all can be gleaned. 454 00:29:12,575 --> 00:29:16,136 And it's not me, it's the penal code that says so, 455 00:29:16,312 --> 00:29:19,679 in article R-26.1 0. Here: 456 00:29:20,650 --> 00:29:25,212 gleaning is allowed from sunup until sundown. 457 00:29:25,388 --> 00:29:26,719 First requirement. 458 00:29:27,423 --> 00:29:29,015 The second requirement 459 00:29:29,192 --> 00:29:31,717 is that gleaning occurs after the harvest. 460 00:29:32,328 --> 00:29:36,025 And here, we can clearly see the harvest is over. 461 00:29:36,566 --> 00:29:38,761 Paging through an old law commentary 462 00:29:39,101 --> 00:29:41,035 I happened upon a decree, 463 00:29:41,204 --> 00:29:45,732 or rather an edict, dated Nov. 2, 1 5 54 464 00:29:46,242 --> 00:29:48,733 which says just the same as the law today. 465 00:29:49,078 --> 00:29:53,378 It allows the poor, the wretched, 466 00:29:53,549 --> 00:29:57,508 the deprived, to enter the fields once harvesting is over. 467 00:29:58,120 --> 00:30:01,180 Old documents talk of the poor, the destitute, 468 00:30:01,357 --> 00:30:05,259 but how are we to consider those who want for nothing 469 00:30:05,494 --> 00:30:07,428 and glean just for fun? 470 00:30:07,597 --> 00:30:10,191 It's as if they needed something too. 471 00:30:10,433 --> 00:30:14,199 If they glean for fun, it's because they have a need for fun. 472 00:30:14,370 --> 00:30:17,567 So if the requirements and the times are adhered to, 473 00:30:17,740 --> 00:30:20,300 they can glean as the poor used to. 474 00:30:20,610 --> 00:30:21,634 Thank you. 475 00:30:21,744 --> 00:30:23,837 Sure. I'll take a walk in the cabbages. 476 00:30:31,187 --> 00:30:34,418 I'll walk my small camera among the colored cabbages 477 00:30:34,590 --> 00:30:37,582 and film other vegetables which catch my eye. 478 00:31:02,151 --> 00:31:05,245 On this type of gleaning, of images, impressions, 479 00:31:05,421 --> 00:31:07,355 there is no legislation, 480 00:31:07,523 --> 00:31:11,619 and gleaning is defined figuratively as a mental activity. 481 00:31:11,794 --> 00:31:14,262 To glean facts, acts and deeds, 482 00:31:14,430 --> 00:31:16,364 to glean information. 483 00:31:16,666 --> 00:31:18,293 And for forgetful me, 484 00:31:18,467 --> 00:31:22,198 it's what I have gleaned that tells where I've been. 485 00:31:22,505 --> 00:31:26,703 From Japan, I brought back in my case souvenirs I had gleaned. 486 00:31:34,450 --> 00:31:37,283 I am back home, the cats are here, 487 00:31:37,586 --> 00:31:38,416 there's mail, 488 00:31:38,821 --> 00:31:41,415 one plant's died, the others haven't. 489 00:31:41,691 --> 00:31:45,457 Then I look at the leak in the ceiling and the mold, 490 00:31:45,695 --> 00:31:46,821 I got used to it. 491 00:31:47,630 --> 00:31:49,495 I like it in the end. 492 00:31:49,665 --> 00:31:52,361 It's like a landscape, an abstract painting, 493 00:31:52,768 --> 00:31:53,894 a Tapies, 494 00:31:54,570 --> 00:31:55,594 a Guo Qiang, 495 00:31:56,439 --> 00:31:57,872 a Borderie. 496 00:31:58,441 --> 00:31:59,840 There's water dripping, 497 00:32:00,142 --> 00:32:01,609 I open my suitcase. 498 00:32:29,638 --> 00:32:33,665 Amazing, in a department store in Tokyo, 499 00:32:34,276 --> 00:32:35,743 on the top floor, 500 00:32:36,145 --> 00:32:38,136 there were Rembrandt paintings, 501 00:32:38,681 --> 00:32:40,114 original Rembrandts. 502 00:32:40,383 --> 00:32:42,544 Saskia, up close. 503 00:32:44,420 --> 00:32:46,411 And then my hand up close, 504 00:32:47,623 --> 00:32:49,716 I mean, this is my project: 505 00:32:49,892 --> 00:32:52,452 to film with one hand my other hand. 506 00:32:54,497 --> 00:32:56,226 To enter into the horror of it. 507 00:32:56,399 --> 00:32:58,333 I find it extraordinary. 508 00:32:58,701 --> 00:33:00,726 I feel as if I am an animal, 509 00:33:01,170 --> 00:33:04,435 worse, I am an animal I don't know. 510 00:33:06,776 --> 00:33:09,574 And here's Rembrandt's self-portrait, 511 00:33:10,546 --> 00:33:14,175 but it's just the same in fact, always a self-portrait. 512 00:33:19,522 --> 00:33:21,149 Maurice Utrillo's 513 00:33:21,590 --> 00:33:25,151 we saw in a very small museum 514 00:33:25,361 --> 00:33:28,421 in the former City Hall of Sannois. 515 00:33:29,565 --> 00:33:30,759 We were going 516 00:33:31,133 --> 00:33:34,728 to film nearby, at Herve's, alias VR99. 517 00:33:35,337 --> 00:33:38,465 In the year 2000, his alias will be VR2000. 518 00:33:39,408 --> 00:33:41,239 'Loading up' 519 00:33:41,410 --> 00:33:46,347 means retrieving heavy objects people get rid of. 520 00:33:46,882 --> 00:33:48,509 To do so, 521 00:33:48,684 --> 00:33:53,087 town councils and city halls provide 522 00:33:53,255 --> 00:33:56,088 small maps such as this one. 523 00:33:56,258 --> 00:33:59,659 It shows all the streets, the districts and the days 524 00:34:00,796 --> 00:34:05,165 on which one can go and pick them up. 525 00:34:06,769 --> 00:34:10,705 I think the maps show where to dump things rather. 526 00:34:11,207 --> 00:34:13,038 Yes, right, well, 527 00:34:13,209 --> 00:34:16,736 I read the map my own way because 528 00:34:17,346 --> 00:34:20,474 that's where I find my raw material. 529 00:34:21,383 --> 00:34:26,252 I am, among other things, a painter and a retriever. 530 00:34:26,722 --> 00:34:29,156 I prefer night time, 531 00:34:29,325 --> 00:34:35,059 and because I go by bike, I can only carry small things home. 532 00:34:36,332 --> 00:34:38,596 It'll be easier if I show you. 533 00:34:40,369 --> 00:34:44,271 I make images from salvaged material, 534 00:34:44,440 --> 00:34:45,839 frames from wood, 535 00:34:46,308 --> 00:34:49,607 I use food packages, slates, 536 00:34:50,145 --> 00:34:53,376 and then I also recycle 537 00:34:53,582 --> 00:34:57,211 my own packets of cigarette paper, 538 00:34:57,887 --> 00:35:01,379 and what's good about these objects 539 00:35:01,757 --> 00:35:04,624 is that they have a past, they've already had a life, 540 00:35:04,827 --> 00:35:07,352 and they're still very much alive. 541 00:35:07,530 --> 00:35:10,658 All you have to do is give them a second chance. 542 00:35:16,438 --> 00:35:20,272 All you need to do is wander around, locate sites, 543 00:35:20,442 --> 00:35:24,776 and then simply help yourself, like in a real department store. 544 00:35:27,416 --> 00:35:30,510 On site, you find heaps of heavy objects, 545 00:35:30,686 --> 00:35:33,348 it is best to get there quickly, 546 00:35:33,522 --> 00:35:35,786 because the competition is fierce. 547 00:35:36,125 --> 00:35:38,320 Objects go quickly. 548 00:35:49,605 --> 00:35:53,803 They're like presents left on the street, it's like Christmas. 549 00:35:55,811 --> 00:36:00,077 When I was a kid, my grandfather used to salvage things as well. 550 00:36:00,349 --> 00:36:01,509 He made piles. 551 00:36:01,684 --> 00:36:05,211 I've always liked the world of dumps and salvage, 552 00:36:06,488 --> 00:36:10,117 anything that's been sort of discarded by society. 553 00:36:11,193 --> 00:36:13,058 It's like a cavern here. 554 00:36:13,262 --> 00:36:15,594 My own little cavern, that's right. 555 00:36:18,334 --> 00:36:20,097 A place where I combine 556 00:36:20,402 --> 00:36:21,699 objects differently. 557 00:36:22,504 --> 00:36:24,404 I need to accumulate. 558 00:36:24,607 --> 00:36:26,302 It's a shelter as well? 559 00:36:27,276 --> 00:36:28,470 From what? 560 00:36:29,411 --> 00:36:32,244 From emptiness. Because it's full here. 561 00:36:34,149 --> 00:36:38,518 I'm moving towards emptiness now, or rather, towards lessness. 562 00:36:38,687 --> 00:36:40,621 As much lessness as possible. 563 00:36:40,789 --> 00:36:42,814 - You're still a long way away! - I am. 564 00:36:44,226 --> 00:36:46,353 Right now, I store up things 565 00:36:46,528 --> 00:36:49,725 because I know I will need to recycle some. 566 00:36:50,366 --> 00:36:52,391 The encounter happens on the street. 567 00:36:52,568 --> 00:36:56,368 The object beckons me, because it belongs here in a way. 568 00:36:59,141 --> 00:37:01,735 The encounter also happens on the road, 569 00:37:02,077 --> 00:37:03,635 and it happened to us. 570 00:37:04,546 --> 00:37:07,140 On our left, an abandoned factory. 571 00:37:07,750 --> 00:37:11,311 On the other side, a sign '' Finds''. 572 00:37:11,720 --> 00:37:15,212 ''Curios'' is common, but '' Finds'' is more inviting. 573 00:37:22,097 --> 00:37:23,564 Hello, how are you? 574 00:37:24,299 --> 00:37:25,391 Hello. 575 00:37:25,668 --> 00:37:28,068 Turn and face me! He won't. 576 00:37:30,239 --> 00:37:32,833 I spotted some wheat behind that chap, 577 00:37:33,275 --> 00:37:37,439 and behind the robot, I discovered a painting on gleaning. 578 00:37:38,580 --> 00:37:39,638 It contained both 579 00:37:39,848 --> 00:37:42,442 the humble stooping of Millet's Glaneuses 580 00:37:42,651 --> 00:37:45,381 and the proud posture of Breton's Gleaner. 581 00:37:45,821 --> 00:37:48,813 The painter had an old dictionary at hand. 582 00:37:50,125 --> 00:37:52,389 Honest, this is no movie trick, 583 00:37:52,561 --> 00:37:56,258 we really did find these Glaneuses purely by chance. 584 00:37:56,732 --> 00:38:01,294 The painting had beckoned us because it belonged here in this film. 585 00:38:03,505 --> 00:38:07,737 On the road again, off to the Ideal Palace of Bodan Litnanski, 586 00:38:08,077 --> 00:38:10,602 a much visited, much publicized place. 587 00:38:15,751 --> 00:38:19,084 This retired brickmason came from Russia 588 00:38:19,254 --> 00:38:21,722 and started building totem towers 589 00:38:22,257 --> 00:38:24,248 made of scraps he found in dumps 590 00:38:24,460 --> 00:38:28,362 and brought back in his trailer hooked up to his moped. 591 00:38:28,564 --> 00:38:31,192 It's solid stuff, you know, very solid. 592 00:38:32,835 --> 00:38:34,700 I am a brickmason. 593 00:38:46,648 --> 00:38:50,709 I like dolls, they're my system. 594 00:38:50,886 --> 00:38:52,547 Dolls are characters. 595 00:38:58,293 --> 00:39:00,193 What do you think of all this? 596 00:39:00,529 --> 00:39:02,121 - He's an amateur. - Sorry? 597 00:39:02,331 --> 00:39:03,525 He's an amateur. 598 00:39:03,832 --> 00:39:06,027 We can't stop him, we let him. 599 00:39:06,335 --> 00:39:08,496 But your husband is an artist. 600 00:39:08,670 --> 00:39:10,501 An artist, well, maybe... 601 00:39:11,707 --> 00:39:13,334 Why not? 602 00:39:13,509 --> 00:39:15,409 There's better than that. 603 00:39:15,577 --> 00:39:18,705 - What? - Better, much better than that. 604 00:39:21,250 --> 00:39:23,445 Like Louis Pons, for instance, 605 00:39:23,619 --> 00:39:25,678 who uses junk as an inspiration. 606 00:39:26,655 --> 00:39:28,520 He draws through objects, 607 00:39:28,690 --> 00:39:30,282 he accommodates chance. 608 00:39:32,561 --> 00:39:35,428 All these objects around here 609 00:39:37,166 --> 00:39:38,724 are my dictionary, 610 00:39:39,101 --> 00:39:40,591 useless things. 611 00:39:42,437 --> 00:39:45,600 People think it's a cluster of junk. 612 00:39:45,774 --> 00:39:48,709 I see it as a cluster of possibilities. 613 00:39:50,846 --> 00:39:54,475 Each object gives a direction, each is a line, 614 00:39:54,650 --> 00:39:57,210 picked up here and there, 615 00:39:57,386 --> 00:39:59,581 indeed gleaned, 616 00:39:59,755 --> 00:40:02,280 and which become 617 00:40:02,658 --> 00:40:03,818 my paintings. 618 00:40:04,159 --> 00:40:06,218 The aim of art is to tidy up 619 00:40:06,428 --> 00:40:08,293 one's inner and exterior worlds. 620 00:40:08,463 --> 00:40:11,796 These are just crayons, children's crayons. 621 00:40:13,101 --> 00:40:16,298 Here we have tins and spools... 622 00:40:17,105 --> 00:40:19,801 This is the tongue of a small bell. 623 00:40:21,109 --> 00:40:23,168 I make sentences from things. 624 00:40:24,580 --> 00:40:26,844 A cricket on a heap of trash. 625 00:40:28,584 --> 00:40:32,520 Cages are interesting too, a bit like boats, like violins 626 00:40:32,688 --> 00:40:35,179 and things whose... 627 00:40:36,425 --> 00:40:39,588 shapes at first are very simple and the same, 628 00:40:39,795 --> 00:40:42,730 but the possible variations are infinite. 629 00:40:43,765 --> 00:40:46,393 These are skirting boards and frames. 630 00:40:46,568 --> 00:40:49,264 There is a... from cars... 631 00:40:50,172 --> 00:40:51,366 a windshield wiper. 632 00:40:51,540 --> 00:40:53,633 But for me they are streaks. 633 00:40:53,809 --> 00:40:56,505 I have to balance the streaks. 634 00:40:56,678 --> 00:41:00,341 That's a statement. Horizontal statements, nothing else. 635 00:41:13,095 --> 00:41:17,122 Again one hand filming the other hand, and more trucks. 636 00:41:18,300 --> 00:41:19,528 I'd like to capture them. 637 00:41:20,469 --> 00:41:22,096 To retain things passing? 638 00:41:22,271 --> 00:41:23,533 No,just to play. 639 00:42:09,318 --> 00:42:10,649 Noirmoutier is an island 640 00:42:10,852 --> 00:42:14,549 renowned for its causeway and its oysters. 641 00:42:15,724 --> 00:42:17,783 People glean there 642 00:42:18,126 --> 00:42:21,391 after rough storms and very low tides. 643 00:42:28,170 --> 00:42:30,434 Storms dislodge oysters from their beds 644 00:42:30,672 --> 00:42:32,469 and wash them ashore. 645 00:42:33,208 --> 00:42:36,473 But they all know that around Christmas time, 646 00:42:36,645 --> 00:42:40,445 we are so busy that we leave it to the gleaners. 647 00:42:41,116 --> 00:42:43,107 They go as soon as 648 00:42:43,318 --> 00:42:45,377 the storm has abated. 649 00:42:54,496 --> 00:42:57,260 A high sea over the beds is a pretty sight 650 00:42:57,532 --> 00:42:59,625 but to profit from the low tide 651 00:42:59,835 --> 00:43:03,134 gleaners need a copy of the Tide Tables. 652 00:43:05,507 --> 00:43:07,839 We come every year for the lowest tide. 653 00:43:08,210 --> 00:43:11,646 They're going to follow the receding sea 654 00:43:11,813 --> 00:43:14,281 and anything they find they pick up. 655 00:43:26,762 --> 00:43:30,220 People collect the oysters that have come loose. 656 00:43:31,266 --> 00:43:34,667 In theory, they keep out of the poles around the beds. 657 00:43:34,903 --> 00:43:36,495 They must keep out. 658 00:43:37,672 --> 00:43:38,832 They are too close. 659 00:43:39,608 --> 00:43:42,668 Here the oyster farmers let them carry on, but... 660 00:43:43,345 --> 00:43:45,142 it degenerates sometimes. 661 00:43:45,647 --> 00:43:47,410 We don't trespass! 662 00:43:47,582 --> 00:43:50,312 The limit must be here, but... 663 00:43:50,519 --> 00:43:52,783 we encroach a little sometimes. 664 00:43:53,355 --> 00:43:56,449 We're not stupid. We see others and do the same. 665 00:43:56,725 --> 00:43:59,216 If they tell us anything, we scram. 666 00:43:59,628 --> 00:44:02,392 It's tolerated but not really allowed. 667 00:44:02,697 --> 00:44:04,665 It's not downright illegal. 668 00:44:05,233 --> 00:44:07,565 There still exists a right to glean, 669 00:44:07,736 --> 00:44:11,399 provided people glean 1 5 yards from the beds. 670 00:44:11,606 --> 00:44:14,507 - 25 yards away. - Is it 25 yards now? 671 00:44:15,410 --> 00:44:17,378 What are people allowed to do? 672 00:44:17,546 --> 00:44:20,515 To collect up to 7 pounds each, nothing more. 673 00:44:20,682 --> 00:44:23,446 - 1 0 yards away minimum. - Right. 674 00:44:23,652 --> 00:44:25,176 1 1 pounds per person. 675 00:44:25,754 --> 00:44:29,349 7 pounds of clams and 1 1 pounds of oysters, 676 00:44:29,524 --> 00:44:31,082 something like that. 677 00:44:31,626 --> 00:44:33,787 1 1 pounds per person, I think. 678 00:44:34,496 --> 00:44:36,054 Three dozen per person 679 00:44:36,231 --> 00:44:38,699 but surely they take more than that. 680 00:44:39,134 --> 00:44:41,432 They pick up small inedible oysters 681 00:44:41,603 --> 00:44:45,266 that were churned by the waves and are full of sand. 682 00:44:45,440 --> 00:44:48,204 People from the mainland eat them, 683 00:44:48,376 --> 00:44:50,276 and then say they get sick. 684 00:45:00,122 --> 00:45:02,317 TheJura region was flooded. 685 00:45:02,524 --> 00:45:05,049 The river Dard barred our route. 686 00:45:12,234 --> 00:45:15,761 I liked it when animals barred my way, 687 00:45:16,138 --> 00:45:17,799 or I just stopped for them. 688 00:45:58,380 --> 00:46:01,008 The Nenon family, in the hills near Apt, 689 00:46:01,183 --> 00:46:03,413 present a special case of picking. 690 00:46:03,752 --> 00:46:07,415 The vineyard they found was wholly abandoned. 691 00:46:08,590 --> 00:46:11,218 That's a fully fledged harvest here! 692 00:46:11,726 --> 00:46:15,526 Yes, the entire vineyard was left unpruned last year. 693 00:46:15,830 --> 00:46:18,799 An entire harvest going to waste. 694 00:46:19,434 --> 00:46:23,131 I spotted this place and I was very intrigued by it. 695 00:46:23,338 --> 00:46:25,238 Could anybody say anything? 696 00:46:26,741 --> 00:46:29,835 - Don't the owners care? - No. After Nov. 1 , 697 00:46:30,212 --> 00:46:33,443 we are allowed to pick grapes in the vineyards. 698 00:46:35,450 --> 00:46:39,045 If not, they're eaten by wild boars or birds. 699 00:46:39,221 --> 00:46:42,452 - Do wild boars like grapes? - They love grapes. 700 00:46:44,726 --> 00:46:46,125 On that day, 701 00:46:46,428 --> 00:46:48,658 I filmed dancing pruning shears. 702 00:46:48,830 --> 00:46:50,798 I forgot to turn my camera off, 703 00:46:51,266 --> 00:46:54,292 which is why we get the dance of the lens cap. 704 00:47:45,220 --> 00:47:47,085 The cap has stopped its crazy jig. 705 00:47:47,622 --> 00:47:49,749 We're off to see the only owner 706 00:47:50,091 --> 00:47:52,286 who cares for his gleaners. 707 00:47:53,128 --> 00:47:57,292 I warn children about the terrible effects if they eat too much, 708 00:47:57,499 --> 00:48:02,061 but I take for granted that the adults know and I leave them alone. 709 00:48:02,270 --> 00:48:03,237 Jerome Noel-Bouton 710 00:48:03,471 --> 00:48:05,666 shows us an old photo of his vines 711 00:48:05,840 --> 00:48:08,104 which used to be Marey's. 712 00:48:08,476 --> 00:48:11,206 There is a mini-museum in the cellar. 713 00:48:11,780 --> 00:48:14,112 An engineer and erudite physiologist, 714 00:48:14,749 --> 00:48:17,547 Marey invented chronophotography. 715 00:48:17,719 --> 00:48:19,243 He was a visionary. 716 00:48:19,487 --> 00:48:21,318 He analyzed movement 717 00:48:21,523 --> 00:48:26,085 before Muybridge and the Lumieres. He is the ancestor of all movie makers, 718 00:48:26,361 --> 00:48:28,295 and we're proud to be family. 719 00:48:29,331 --> 00:48:34,166 Marey was my father's grandfather, which makes him my great-grandfather, 720 00:48:34,769 --> 00:48:36,634 and to be more specific, 721 00:48:37,605 --> 00:48:41,769 my grandfather was Marey's son-in-law, since... 722 00:48:42,110 --> 00:48:44,670 his wife, my grandmother, was Marey's daughter. 723 00:48:45,347 --> 00:48:48,714 She married a man named Bouton 724 00:48:48,883 --> 00:48:52,478 and this estate, which used to be in the Bouton family, 725 00:48:52,654 --> 00:48:54,383 was bought by Marey, 726 00:48:54,889 --> 00:48:59,383 and returned to the Bouton family when his daughter married a Bouton. 727 00:48:59,561 --> 00:49:01,153 Congratulations! 728 00:49:01,363 --> 00:49:03,661 The tower you can see over there, 729 00:49:04,132 --> 00:49:06,123 he built with his own two hands 730 00:49:06,334 --> 00:49:08,802 to house his still camera equipment. 731 00:49:09,137 --> 00:49:12,129 He set up wires and waited. 732 00:49:12,440 --> 00:49:15,409 Animals or birds went past, triggering the camera. 733 00:49:17,045 --> 00:49:18,069 That's the hut 734 00:49:18,313 --> 00:49:19,803 from which, 735 00:49:20,215 --> 00:49:22,240 with his chronophotographic rifle, 736 00:49:22,484 --> 00:49:24,816 he broke down the flight of birds. 737 00:49:28,390 --> 00:49:30,824 That's Demeny, Marey's assistant, 738 00:49:31,159 --> 00:49:33,593 holding the rifle and the film reel. 739 00:49:34,295 --> 00:49:37,787 I wonder who the boy with a bowler hat is. 740 00:49:40,502 --> 00:49:42,629 Marey's experimental pictures 741 00:49:43,204 --> 00:49:44,330 and film bits, 742 00:49:44,506 --> 00:49:48,272 technical prowess aside, are pure visual delight. 743 00:50:15,403 --> 00:50:18,201 Our train leaves Paris 744 00:50:18,373 --> 00:50:20,238 and happens to slows down 745 00:50:20,475 --> 00:50:22,807 as we pass Ivry waste collection center. 746 00:50:23,144 --> 00:50:24,543 The heart of our topic, 747 00:50:25,346 --> 00:50:28,315 since we're going to Prades, home of our musician Joanna. 748 00:50:28,483 --> 00:50:32,783 She met youngsters who had had a brush with the law 749 00:50:33,154 --> 00:50:36,248 for damaging the trash bins of a supermarket 750 00:50:36,424 --> 00:50:39,325 because the contents had been doused in bleach. 751 00:50:41,262 --> 00:50:44,322 I thought I could film them explaining the case 752 00:50:44,566 --> 00:50:46,625 if I met all the protagonists - 753 00:50:46,801 --> 00:50:49,429 the youngsters gathered on the square, 754 00:50:49,938 --> 00:50:51,530 the manager of the shop, 755 00:50:52,941 --> 00:50:55,341 and the magistrate from the court, 756 00:50:55,810 --> 00:50:57,835 who seemed concerned and polite. 757 00:50:58,646 --> 00:51:01,479 I wanted to know how these homeless 758 00:51:01,649 --> 00:51:03,173 coped with the law. 759 00:51:04,752 --> 00:51:07,516 Should squatting be legalized? 760 00:51:07,689 --> 00:51:10,715 I could work on it, if not for this robe. 761 00:51:12,427 --> 00:51:14,327 But your robe is lovely! 762 00:51:14,496 --> 00:51:18,455 It was a simple case of youngsters vandalizing things. 763 00:51:18,633 --> 00:51:20,498 I found them guilty of violence. 764 00:51:20,668 --> 00:51:22,602 Before bleach was sprayed on? 765 00:51:22,770 --> 00:51:25,102 They'd knock over the trash 766 00:51:25,273 --> 00:51:28,470 and my staff had to clean up after them. 767 00:51:31,613 --> 00:51:35,572 That led me to apply the law 768 00:51:35,750 --> 00:51:38,742 and bleach the trash, which they didn't appreciate. 769 00:51:39,254 --> 00:51:41,222 - We got angry. - But nothing serious. 770 00:51:41,456 --> 00:51:44,289 We knocked over trash cans, 771 00:51:44,459 --> 00:51:47,826 and damaged the wall with graffiti and tomatoes. 772 00:51:48,229 --> 00:51:49,628 They broke the camera. 773 00:51:49,864 --> 00:51:53,163 It was locked, we had to climb a little. 774 00:51:53,468 --> 00:51:55,834 They went over the fence. 775 00:51:56,170 --> 00:51:58,695 They were trespassing on private property. 776 00:51:58,940 --> 00:52:01,670 Appearing in court was itself a penalty 777 00:52:01,843 --> 00:52:05,279 for these youths who want to be free of all rules. 778 00:52:05,513 --> 00:52:07,310 We only stole trash. 779 00:52:07,549 --> 00:52:11,713 The aim isn't to fine them but to remind them of the law. 780 00:52:13,488 --> 00:52:16,548 They all played their part, applying their own logic. 781 00:52:17,392 --> 00:52:19,553 The kids said what they were supposed to. 782 00:52:19,727 --> 00:52:23,128 We filmed them with their dogs. It was picturesque. 783 00:52:23,298 --> 00:52:26,358 I'm not that antisocial. 784 00:52:27,201 --> 00:52:29,465 - May I ask you how old you are? - 22. 785 00:52:29,637 --> 00:52:34,074 Their beauty is poignant when you realize that, for whatever reason, 786 00:52:34,309 --> 00:52:37,107 they get most of their food from trash cans. 787 00:52:38,580 --> 00:52:40,445 In court, I was told 788 00:52:40,615 --> 00:52:43,709 it was a dialogue of the deaf, but not of the dumb. 789 00:52:44,118 --> 00:52:45,881 They seized the chance to have fun. 790 00:52:46,387 --> 00:52:49,754 I said she was mad, she cited me for contempt of court. 791 00:52:50,358 --> 00:52:54,488 We said she was out of her mind, and she would go: Write it down! 792 00:52:54,929 --> 00:52:57,625 Recorder, write down: Out of her mind! 793 00:52:58,366 --> 00:53:02,393 We felt it was a foregone conclusion. It was sickening. 794 00:53:02,570 --> 00:53:06,802 She opted for trial in closed court. I shouted and slammed the door. 795 00:53:07,775 --> 00:53:11,336 They're not through talking about this episode, 796 00:53:11,512 --> 00:53:15,107 and I'm not through thinking about it in my hotel room. 797 00:53:15,283 --> 00:53:19,151 We filmed and continue to film people who hang around trash cans. 798 00:53:19,320 --> 00:53:21,515 They have various reasons for doing so. 799 00:53:22,156 --> 00:53:24,090 Each experiences it differently. 800 00:53:27,428 --> 00:53:28,622 - Hi! - Here he is! 801 00:53:28,796 --> 00:53:29,854 How are you? 802 00:53:30,198 --> 00:53:32,223 Sit down, there's coffee for you. 803 00:53:34,202 --> 00:53:36,397 We had been told: '' He wears 804 00:53:36,638 --> 00:53:38,833 rubber boots. He salvages everything''. 805 00:53:39,173 --> 00:53:42,734 Yes, I live almost 1 00% on things from the trash. 806 00:53:47,315 --> 00:53:48,839 Everybody, rich or poor, 807 00:53:49,217 --> 00:53:51,082 throws food away. Why? 808 00:53:51,252 --> 00:53:53,812 Because we are so stupid with food! 809 00:53:54,155 --> 00:53:58,319 If we're past the sell-by date of a yogurt, people go: 810 00:53:58,493 --> 00:54:00,825 ''Oh my God, I can't eat this! 811 00:54:01,162 --> 00:54:03,187 It'll kill me!'' 812 00:54:03,364 --> 00:54:04,661 So stupid. 813 00:54:04,832 --> 00:54:06,766 It's easy 814 00:54:07,201 --> 00:54:10,261 to tell from the smell of it if it's OK or not. 815 00:54:10,738 --> 00:54:14,731 It's quite simple, I've eaten 1 00% trash for 1 0 years now... 816 00:54:15,343 --> 00:54:17,573 for 1 0 or 1 5 years, 817 00:54:17,745 --> 00:54:20,179 I've never been ill. 818 00:54:20,581 --> 00:54:22,549 - You don't have a job? - I do. 819 00:54:22,717 --> 00:54:26,813 I have a job, a salary, a social security number. 820 00:54:27,155 --> 00:54:29,453 So you are not forced to do that? 821 00:54:29,624 --> 00:54:32,115 Absolutely not. 822 00:54:32,760 --> 00:54:35,854 Salvaging is a matter of ethics for me, 823 00:54:36,197 --> 00:54:39,189 because I find it utterly unacceptable to see 824 00:54:39,367 --> 00:54:41,699 all this waste on the streets. 825 00:54:42,670 --> 00:54:46,766 That proves we're heading for disasters, like the Erika oil spill. 826 00:54:47,175 --> 00:54:48,267 Oil Slick 827 00:55:07,495 --> 00:55:09,520 Put the head on the right. 828 00:55:13,267 --> 00:55:14,063 Looser... 829 00:55:19,173 --> 00:55:20,731 Sea birds, 830 00:55:21,075 --> 00:55:23,407 guillemots, razorbill penguins, 831 00:55:23,611 --> 00:55:27,172 all those who were smashed up real good by Total Fina Oil, 832 00:55:27,515 --> 00:55:30,712 those who will get smashed up real good 833 00:55:30,885 --> 00:55:34,218 by this over-consuming society... If they are cleaned, 834 00:55:34,388 --> 00:55:37,414 the birds might still get caught in nets, 835 00:55:37,592 --> 00:55:40,288 it's for them that I'm an activist. 836 00:55:40,461 --> 00:55:42,759 All the rest can die in their apartments, 837 00:55:43,097 --> 00:55:46,294 on their trash, I don't care. Birds first. 838 00:55:52,406 --> 00:55:53,703 Do you always wear boots? 839 00:55:53,875 --> 00:55:57,208 Yes, rubber boots have 2 advantages, 840 00:55:57,378 --> 00:56:01,314 on this hostile ground, they're really good stuff. 841 00:56:01,582 --> 00:56:04,210 There's a psychological aspect too, 842 00:56:04,385 --> 00:56:07,377 with my boots, I'm like the lord of this town. 843 00:56:07,555 --> 00:56:09,352 All these idiots dump away, 844 00:56:09,524 --> 00:56:12,425 I come after them and rake in the chips. 845 00:56:17,398 --> 00:56:19,696 Trash is Beautiful! 846 00:56:19,867 --> 00:56:23,268 An exhibition featuring demonstration trash cans 847 00:56:23,437 --> 00:56:26,600 was organized to teach children 848 00:56:26,808 --> 00:56:28,571 how to sort out the trash. 849 00:56:36,484 --> 00:56:39,078 At Trash is Beautiful, they like colors, 850 00:56:39,587 --> 00:56:42,147 and children play with bits of junk. 851 00:56:42,323 --> 00:56:44,791 This is just plastic from the street. 852 00:56:48,830 --> 00:56:52,061 Gino Rizzi is in charge of the kids' workshop. 853 00:56:53,534 --> 00:56:56,867 He himself transforms pots of yogurt into flowers 854 00:56:58,706 --> 00:57:01,300 and plastic bottles into mobiles. 855 00:57:04,545 --> 00:57:07,514 Where does play end and art start? 856 00:57:08,216 --> 00:57:11,242 Cartier Foundation for Contemporary Art 857 00:57:14,622 --> 00:57:16,522 The American artist Sze 858 00:57:16,691 --> 00:57:20,024 exhibits mobiles made with lots of bits and pieces. 859 00:57:22,063 --> 00:57:25,191 The kitchen trash has made it to the art world, 860 00:57:25,433 --> 00:57:28,459 where junk is highly-prized and priced. 861 00:57:42,149 --> 00:57:43,639 In any case, museum trash 862 00:57:43,851 --> 00:57:47,446 is small, cute, clean and colorful. 863 00:57:47,622 --> 00:57:50,785 Have those kids ever seen brooms in action, 864 00:57:52,193 --> 00:57:55,287 or shaken hands with a garbage collector? 865 00:57:59,634 --> 00:58:00,794 - How are you? - Fine. 866 00:58:03,204 --> 00:58:05,263 That's neighborhood life. 867 00:58:06,607 --> 00:58:08,199 I live here 868 00:58:08,442 --> 00:58:11,502 at Mr. Charlie Plusquellec's, because he's a friend. 869 00:58:12,346 --> 00:58:13,472 More than a friend, 870 00:58:13,848 --> 00:58:17,443 a protector, a godfather, he's everything to me. 871 00:58:17,685 --> 00:58:21,678 I am so very very happy, very glad, I am here 872 00:58:22,223 --> 00:58:23,520 surrounded by nature. 873 00:58:23,858 --> 00:58:24,756 You see, 874 00:58:25,159 --> 00:58:27,286 it's worse than paradise. 875 00:58:27,728 --> 00:58:31,357 Salomon is a little bit like a migrating bird. 876 00:58:31,532 --> 00:58:33,693 He arrives, he moves in, 877 00:58:33,868 --> 00:58:36,735 and then one day, he disappears. 878 00:58:37,071 --> 00:58:40,507 And then he comes back again, and then leaves. 879 00:58:41,542 --> 00:58:44,272 So far he's been back 3 times. 880 00:58:45,146 --> 00:58:48,513 Every day, I come out of here, 881 00:58:48,883 --> 00:58:51,078 I wander around, 882 00:58:51,719 --> 00:58:55,655 looking here and there for throw-aways. 883 00:59:07,735 --> 00:59:10,135 Don't touch anything! 884 00:59:10,705 --> 00:59:12,605 - You hear me? - Yes, Ma'am. 885 00:59:12,773 --> 00:59:15,241 Don't you understand what I said? 886 00:59:16,610 --> 00:59:20,671 Every morning, early, you come across a little something. 887 00:59:21,382 --> 00:59:22,781 It's like a lottery. 888 00:59:27,722 --> 00:59:28,586 It's good. 889 00:59:32,059 --> 00:59:33,458 There's lots. 890 00:59:34,362 --> 00:59:35,659 Do you need it? 891 00:59:35,830 --> 00:59:37,821 Wait, he might want some. 892 00:59:38,265 --> 00:59:39,732 Want some bread? 893 00:59:41,102 --> 00:59:43,570 I always come here and help myself. 894 00:59:45,306 --> 00:59:47,706 Sometimes you get good cold meats, 895 00:59:47,875 --> 00:59:50,810 sometimes fowl, a bit of everything. 896 00:59:52,246 --> 00:59:54,578 Salomon found 897 00:59:55,416 --> 00:59:57,782 chicken legs. 898 00:59:58,619 --> 01:00:02,817 So I'll cook the meat before it goes off. 899 01:00:04,525 --> 01:00:07,790 You're going to eat chicken and rabbit for a month! 900 01:00:08,162 --> 01:00:10,187 No, don't worry. 901 01:00:10,398 --> 01:00:13,424 We always find someone to share with. 902 01:00:15,803 --> 01:00:20,206 We give it to the neighbors, the woman next door especially. 903 01:00:31,652 --> 01:00:32,778 That's good. 904 01:00:33,521 --> 01:00:34,579 Right now, 905 01:00:34,822 --> 01:00:36,722 we have 1 , 2, 3, 906 01:00:37,358 --> 01:00:40,725 4 fridges and 2 freezers 907 01:00:40,895 --> 01:00:44,422 that we picked up and fixed. 908 01:00:45,666 --> 01:00:48,100 I patch them up, I fix them, 909 01:00:48,302 --> 01:00:51,135 and when the machine works I sell it or... 910 01:00:51,439 --> 01:00:53,839 I give it away to our neighbors. 911 01:01:04,385 --> 01:01:07,047 Fridges are everywhere on the streets. 912 01:01:07,621 --> 01:01:10,351 Sometimes they work, sometimes not. 913 01:01:12,259 --> 01:01:15,387 The Waste Ground artists of Villeneuve sur Lot 914 01:01:15,629 --> 01:01:17,358 collects fridges 915 01:01:17,531 --> 01:01:21,558 and recycle them as fully furnished, fitted spaces. 916 01:01:34,548 --> 01:01:35,742 Fridge Demo 917 01:01:37,852 --> 01:01:40,082 Free our comrades! 918 01:01:46,327 --> 01:01:48,352 My neighbor the Lion of Denfert 919 01:01:48,496 --> 01:01:50,259 is made of bronze. 920 01:01:51,732 --> 01:01:54,701 My friend the Lion in Arles is made of stone. 921 01:01:56,137 --> 01:01:58,128 We got there in the early hours. 922 01:02:00,541 --> 01:02:03,339 The people from the fair were still asleep, 923 01:02:03,677 --> 01:02:07,135 and I saw a man looking at the river flow by. 924 01:02:10,851 --> 01:02:13,649 I half-felt like talking to him. 925 01:02:21,362 --> 01:02:23,353 Further on, along the Rhone, 926 01:02:23,597 --> 01:02:25,121 in a blissful orchard 927 01:02:25,666 --> 01:02:27,531 I saw gleaners arrive. 928 01:02:29,136 --> 01:02:30,501 You can tell them 929 01:02:30,704 --> 01:02:34,162 from their boxes, sacks and plastic bags 930 01:02:34,341 --> 01:02:38,801 which don't look anything like the standard containers of the workers. 931 01:02:39,480 --> 01:02:42,779 My name's David, I'm a foreman at the Cape farm. 932 01:02:43,884 --> 01:02:45,442 We often allow 933 01:02:45,686 --> 01:02:47,551 gleaners to come in 934 01:02:47,788 --> 01:02:49,551 after our pickers 935 01:02:49,757 --> 01:02:52,351 provided they remain 1 0 yards behind. 936 01:02:53,827 --> 01:02:57,695 Look, there's still a lot left in the trees. 937 01:02:58,399 --> 01:03:00,629 We just take advantage of this. 938 01:03:00,868 --> 01:03:04,497 I collect them so that they don't go to waste, 939 01:03:04,672 --> 01:03:07,402 and I share them out, 940 01:03:07,575 --> 01:03:09,839 we stew them or whatever. 941 01:03:10,344 --> 01:03:14,576 I want to pick them because there're lots left as you can see. 942 01:03:15,182 --> 01:03:17,480 I don't take damaged ones, 943 01:03:17,651 --> 01:03:20,176 because my children are very particular. 944 01:03:20,354 --> 01:03:22,822 They're used to getting the best. 945 01:03:24,558 --> 01:03:27,391 This one is damaged so I chuck it away. 946 01:03:27,561 --> 01:03:30,655 We gleaners also discard some fruit. 947 01:03:31,865 --> 01:03:35,562 Here's an apple which has got nothing going for it, 948 01:03:35,736 --> 01:03:38,398 it's like an ugly and stupid woman. 949 01:03:38,606 --> 01:03:41,097 It's small and sunburnt. 950 01:03:41,275 --> 01:03:43,368 Commercial value: zero. 951 01:03:44,812 --> 01:03:47,508 We can't prevent people 952 01:03:47,915 --> 01:03:51,681 from providing themselves with apples 953 01:03:51,852 --> 01:03:54,320 once we have finished harvesting. 954 01:03:54,488 --> 01:03:57,480 So we proclaim an official gleaning period, 955 01:03:57,658 --> 01:04:00,092 we take car registrations down, 956 01:04:00,194 --> 01:04:03,823 if it's a moped, we ask for a Xerox of the owner's I D 957 01:04:04,164 --> 01:04:09,101 and we tell them from when to when they can come and collect. 958 01:04:09,737 --> 01:04:11,728 Isn't it a bit over-regulated? 959 01:04:12,139 --> 01:04:15,438 Well, it's either that or nothing at all. 960 01:04:17,511 --> 01:04:20,173 Once people are registered, 961 01:04:20,414 --> 01:04:25,147 they can take 400 pounds, I don't mind, even if it's a whole lot. 962 01:04:25,619 --> 01:04:27,280 Good for them. 963 01:04:27,788 --> 01:04:30,382 In this field of 3 hectares, 964 01:04:30,624 --> 01:04:33,855 at least 1 0 tons will be left unpicked. 965 01:04:34,495 --> 01:04:37,589 That gives the gleaners quite a lot of exercise. 966 01:04:40,834 --> 01:04:44,565 You have to find them behind the trees, under the leaves. 967 01:04:44,738 --> 01:04:46,831 It takes a while to fill up a basket. 968 01:04:47,174 --> 01:04:50,507 Picking is not a piece of cake, it's hard work. 969 01:04:58,285 --> 01:05:00,116 Quite a few have fallen here. 970 01:05:01,555 --> 01:05:03,750 You just have to pick them up. 971 01:05:06,293 --> 01:05:10,286 Robert, a gleaner of many crops, let us follow him. 972 01:05:22,843 --> 01:05:24,708 I'm looking for pine nuts. 973 01:05:25,245 --> 01:05:26,837 You're really thorough! 974 01:05:27,181 --> 01:05:30,548 Right, I really don't let anything go by. 975 01:05:30,751 --> 01:05:33,811 In this greenhouse, the tomato harvest is over. 976 01:05:34,154 --> 01:05:37,214 We pick the remains before they clean the place. 977 01:05:38,125 --> 01:05:40,218 Here, see the tomatoes... 978 01:05:41,662 --> 01:05:44,153 That's nature, it shouldn't be wasted. 979 01:05:44,898 --> 01:05:48,163 It's abandoned. Once the harvest is over, 980 01:05:48,335 --> 01:05:51,270 it's not worth hiring people just for those. 981 01:05:51,438 --> 01:05:53,303 They'd rather let us do it. 982 01:05:53,807 --> 01:05:57,106 Can anybody go in the greenhouses? 983 01:05:57,277 --> 01:06:00,576 No, not the greenhouses. I don't know what the law is. 984 01:06:01,081 --> 01:06:04,073 Greenhouses are a facility to grow vegetables. 985 01:06:04,251 --> 01:06:06,219 Once the harvest is collected, 986 01:06:06,387 --> 01:06:10,414 there's some left, a few tomatoes, grapes, carrots or celery. 987 01:06:10,791 --> 01:06:13,259 If gleaners remain within the law 988 01:06:13,427 --> 01:06:15,418 farmers can't say anything, 989 01:06:15,596 --> 01:06:18,463 can't sue them for anything. 990 01:06:18,632 --> 01:06:20,156 Even on their property? 991 01:06:20,334 --> 01:06:21,665 Even then, precisely, 992 01:06:21,835 --> 01:06:24,395 gleaning is always on private property. 993 01:06:26,440 --> 01:06:30,240 Mr. Dessaud, our lawyer in the fields, explained gleaning rights. 994 01:06:31,111 --> 01:06:35,605 Mrs. Espie, our lawyer in the streets, tells us about salvaging rights. 995 01:06:42,723 --> 01:06:45,817 The law on gleaning doesn't apply to these objects. 996 01:06:46,827 --> 01:06:48,419 '' Res derelictae'' 997 01:06:48,629 --> 01:06:50,153 are ownerless things, 998 01:06:50,364 --> 01:06:54,460 since the owner's intention has been clearly expressed: 999 01:06:54,635 --> 01:06:57,536 they have deliberately abandoned them. 1000 01:06:57,838 --> 01:07:00,602 Only the penal code deals with their status 1001 01:07:00,774 --> 01:07:05,211 and says this property can't be stolen since it has no owner. 1002 01:07:05,579 --> 01:07:10,175 Those who take the object become its legal owners. 1003 01:07:10,417 --> 01:07:14,080 This acquisition is unusual, since it comes from no one. 1004 01:07:15,222 --> 01:07:18,055 Once taken, the object belongs to them 1005 01:07:18,225 --> 01:07:20,090 irrevocably. 1006 01:07:20,661 --> 01:07:22,026 Thank you very much. 1007 01:07:22,196 --> 01:07:23,288 You're welcome. 1008 01:07:23,764 --> 01:07:26,289 Yeah. Sidelined beds on the sidewalk 1009 01:07:26,600 --> 01:07:29,262 Washed-out machines, tired-out fridges 1010 01:07:29,436 --> 01:07:31,768 just bend down and grab your furniture 1011 01:07:32,105 --> 01:07:35,233 Yeah. Cookers, cushions, club armchairs 1012 01:07:35,442 --> 01:07:39,208 Weary wood chairs and TVsets, Worn-out couches 1013 01:07:39,413 --> 01:07:42,211 just bend over,you're made over 1014 01:07:42,382 --> 01:07:44,714 Street rehab and TVrap,yeah,yeah! 1015 01:07:45,085 --> 01:07:46,143 Broken TVs 1016 01:07:51,091 --> 01:07:53,321 I've seen lots ofTVs abandoned, 1017 01:07:53,494 --> 01:07:55,428 and within a few minutes 1018 01:07:57,631 --> 01:07:59,861 somebody was taking out the copper. 1019 01:08:05,339 --> 01:08:08,035 It's the copper from the deflector coils. 1020 01:08:22,289 --> 01:08:25,349 I looked at the magic screen thinking I began this film 1021 01:08:26,226 --> 01:08:28,558 right after the eclipse shown on TV, 1022 01:08:29,429 --> 01:08:32,796 continued while the countdown to Y2Kwas shown on TV, 1023 01:08:33,834 --> 01:08:36,735 and ended the film on the 1 st of May... 1024 01:08:41,708 --> 01:08:43,107 Other people 1025 01:08:43,577 --> 01:08:47,138 take TVs home, hoping to repair them. 1026 01:08:48,148 --> 01:08:51,777 I found 2 small chairs on the street and took them home. 1027 01:08:56,590 --> 01:08:59,525 One night when the bulky refuse is thrown out, 1028 01:08:59,693 --> 01:09:04,027 I drove around with Francois who had done one of my film scores 1029 01:09:04,298 --> 01:09:06,027 and who also sang. 1030 01:09:16,143 --> 01:09:19,135 He has dressed in white for 25 years. 1031 01:09:20,714 --> 01:09:23,683 Francois is curious, he likes rummaging, 1032 01:09:23,850 --> 01:09:26,478 but he didn't find anything that night. 1033 01:09:29,256 --> 01:09:31,190 He looked at an empty clock 1034 01:09:31,358 --> 01:09:33,019 and he turned it down. 1035 01:09:34,227 --> 01:09:36,787 I picked it up and took it home. 1036 01:09:41,735 --> 01:09:44,829 A clock without hands is my kind of thing. 1037 01:09:48,775 --> 01:09:51,403 You don't see time passing. 1038 01:10:14,201 --> 01:10:18,661 I like filming rot, leftovers, waste, 1039 01:10:19,139 --> 01:10:21,334 mold and trash. 1040 01:10:25,212 --> 01:10:27,237 But I never forget 1041 01:10:27,414 --> 01:10:31,646 those who shop in the leftovers and trash when the market is over. 1042 01:10:42,863 --> 01:10:44,296 It's past 2 o'clock. 1043 01:10:44,665 --> 01:10:47,293 I've done my shopping and I linger on 1044 01:10:47,801 --> 01:10:49,666 until the market is over. 1045 01:10:51,605 --> 01:10:55,507 I notice a man with a large bag eating on the spot. 1046 01:11:01,181 --> 01:11:04,446 I would see him now and then, always with his bag, 1047 01:11:04,818 --> 01:11:06,615 always eating. 1048 01:11:12,893 --> 01:11:14,588 The day he was eating parsley 1049 01:11:14,828 --> 01:11:16,693 I went over to him. 1050 01:11:17,364 --> 01:11:19,229 Do you often eat parsley? 1051 01:11:19,399 --> 01:11:22,630 Sometimes yes. Parsley's full of vitamin C and E, 1052 01:11:22,803 --> 01:11:26,500 beta carotene, zinc, magnesium, it's excellent. 1053 01:11:28,408 --> 01:11:30,501 His answer amazed me. 1054 01:11:31,611 --> 01:11:34,444 Over the following weeks, I filmed him 1055 01:11:34,715 --> 01:11:38,845 repeatedly, with or without sound, and he talked in snatches. 1056 01:11:40,420 --> 01:11:42,684 I pick up food at the markets 1057 01:11:43,623 --> 01:11:46,353 and I save money that way. 1058 01:11:47,494 --> 01:11:50,224 I'm mostly a vegetarian, 1059 01:11:50,397 --> 01:11:52,729 so I find what I need. 1060 01:11:55,402 --> 01:11:56,892 I don't make much, 1061 01:11:57,237 --> 01:11:58,829 but I still have to eat. 1062 01:12:03,210 --> 01:12:05,644 You should see what they get rid of... 1063 01:12:08,715 --> 01:12:11,650 From the markets, I get fruit, 1064 01:12:11,818 --> 01:12:13,285 vegetables mostly, 1065 01:12:13,653 --> 01:12:16,281 sometimes cheese too, but that's rare. 1066 01:12:23,230 --> 01:12:25,221 I eat a lot of apples. 1067 01:12:25,398 --> 01:12:29,129 And here I can get as many apples as I want. 1068 01:12:30,403 --> 01:12:33,668 - How many apples a day do you eat? - 6 or 7. 1069 01:12:34,708 --> 01:12:36,471 Is it your staple diet? 1070 01:12:37,310 --> 01:12:39,141 I also eat bread. 1071 01:12:42,649 --> 01:12:45,550 I get up at 4, I take the train 1072 01:12:45,786 --> 01:12:50,223 and I arrive in Paris at 5:45. 1073 01:12:51,491 --> 01:12:53,482 Between 6 and 7, 1074 01:12:53,660 --> 01:12:57,357 they throw away all of the bread from the day before. 1075 01:12:57,731 --> 01:13:00,393 If you spot a trash can near a bakery 1076 01:13:00,567 --> 01:13:03,536 it's likely to contain sandwiches, bread, 1077 01:13:03,737 --> 01:13:05,136 and all that. 1078 01:13:09,075 --> 01:13:13,569 I eat a lot of bread. It's a staple food full of proteins and glucids. 1079 01:13:13,747 --> 01:13:15,840 It's strange to be concerned... 1080 01:13:16,183 --> 01:13:18,151 - About balanced diets? - Yes. 1081 01:13:18,618 --> 01:13:20,711 Since I studied biology, 1082 01:13:20,887 --> 01:13:25,256 it's quite normal I should be concerned. 1083 01:13:27,527 --> 01:13:30,121 I used to be a teaching assistant. 1084 01:13:30,297 --> 01:13:33,266 When people find out I have a Master's degree, 1085 01:13:33,433 --> 01:13:37,665 they don't understand why I sell papers to make money. 1086 01:13:38,338 --> 01:13:41,603 I sell street papers or magazines. 1087 01:13:44,211 --> 01:13:47,203 Most times in front of the train station. 1088 01:14:15,609 --> 01:14:18,476 I live in a shelter where 50% 1089 01:14:18,845 --> 01:14:21,075 of the people are illiterate. 1090 01:14:21,681 --> 01:14:26,118 Immigrants from Mali and Senegal mostly. 1091 01:14:27,220 --> 01:14:31,054 I arrived in that shelter 8 years ago, 1092 01:14:31,324 --> 01:14:35,124 and I've been teaching them to read and write for 6 years. 1093 01:14:35,629 --> 01:14:40,123 I am not part of the school system, I don't get paid for it. 1094 01:14:42,469 --> 01:14:47,065 I teach every evening from 6:30 / 7:00 1095 01:14:47,307 --> 01:14:49,468 until 8:30 / 9:00. 1096 01:14:54,447 --> 01:14:57,348 He arranged and decorated the classroom himself 1097 01:14:57,918 --> 01:15:02,014 for the students who may attend whenever they please. 1098 01:15:14,334 --> 01:15:17,394 Ac, ec, ic, oc... 1099 01:15:17,737 --> 01:15:19,227 And see, for example, 1100 01:15:20,740 --> 01:15:23,265 a noc-turnal ac-tivity. 1101 01:15:23,543 --> 01:15:28,503 Right, a nocturnal activity. 1102 01:15:28,715 --> 01:15:30,376 What does ''nocturnal'' mean? 1103 01:15:34,387 --> 01:15:36,150 Success? Success is... 1104 01:15:36,323 --> 01:15:38,791 Isn't success like a behavior? 1105 01:15:40,260 --> 01:15:41,784 It's to succeed in life. 1106 01:15:42,462 --> 01:15:44,191 Somebody who has succeeded. 1107 01:15:44,397 --> 01:15:47,161 - Like Celine Dion has? - Right. 1108 01:15:47,567 --> 01:15:48,727 Famous? 1109 01:15:48,902 --> 01:15:51,234 But it's more like the will to... 1110 01:15:51,404 --> 01:15:52,496 Succeed. 1111 01:15:52,672 --> 01:15:55,402 Yes, when you've succeeded, that's success. 1112 01:15:58,511 --> 01:16:01,105 A use-ful... in-sect. 1113 01:16:02,048 --> 01:16:02,707 What's that? 1114 01:16:03,183 --> 01:16:04,514 A cockroach. 1115 01:16:05,485 --> 01:16:08,079 I don't know if it is useful but... 1116 01:16:08,722 --> 01:16:10,656 but it is an insect. 1117 01:16:16,463 --> 01:16:17,828 Meeting that man 1118 01:16:18,198 --> 01:16:21,690 is what impressed me the most. 1119 01:16:22,535 --> 01:16:26,096 And the time it took to find out about his nocturnal 1120 01:16:27,173 --> 01:16:29,801 and voluntary activity in a suburban basement. 1121 01:16:37,650 --> 01:16:40,847 The other high point is quite different in kind. 1122 01:16:41,855 --> 01:16:44,119 I talked the Museum of Villefranche 1123 01:16:44,290 --> 01:16:46,281 into bringing out from its reserves 1124 01:16:46,626 --> 01:16:48,116 a painting by Hedouin 1125 01:16:48,294 --> 01:16:51,695 which I had seen reproduced in black and white. 1126 01:16:52,699 --> 01:16:55,691 Brigitte, the curator, and her assistant,Julie 1127 01:16:55,869 --> 01:16:58,133 had to disturb several sleepy paintings 1128 01:16:58,338 --> 01:17:01,102 before finding the one I wanted to reveal: 1129 01:17:01,608 --> 01:17:03,769 Gleaners Fleeing Before the Storm. 1130 01:17:16,356 --> 01:17:18,221 To see them in broad daylight, 1131 01:17:18,391 --> 01:17:21,554 with stormy gusts lashing against the canvas, 1132 01:17:21,728 --> 01:17:24,128 was true delight.